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    • 专利摘要:
    FLUID FLOW SYSTEM, METER ELECTRONICS FOR A VIBRATORY SENSOR, AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A FLUID FLOW SYSTEM A method of operating a fluid flow system (300) is provided. The flow system (300) includes a fluid flowing through a pipe (301), a first pressure sensor (303) located inside the pipe (301), and a vibrating meter (5). The vibrating meter (5) includes a sensor assembly (10) in fluid communication with the first pressure sensor (303). The method includes the steps of measuring a fluid pressure within the pipeline (301) using the first pressure sensor (303) and measuring one or more fluid flow characteristics using the vibrating meter (5). The method further includes a step of determining the static pressure of the fluid based on the pressure of the fluid within the pipeline (301) and one or more flow characteristics. The method also includes the step of determining whether the fluid contains at least some gas based on the fluid's static pressure.
    公开号:BR112013031296B1
    申请号:R112013031296-3
    申请日:2011-06-08
    公开日:2021-02-17
    发明作者:Patrick John Zimmer；Joel Weinstein
    申请人:Micro Motion, Inc.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The embodiments described below refer to fluid flow systems and, more particularly, to a method and system for determining and controlling a static fluid pressure through a fluid flow system vibrating meter. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [0002] Vibratory meters, such as, for example, vibratory densitometers and Coriolis flow meters are generally known and are used to measure mass flow and other information for materials within a conduit. The meter comprises the sensor assembly and a portion of electronics. The material within the sensor assembly can be either fluent or stationary. Each type of sensor can have unique characteristics, which a meter must count for in order to achieve optimum performance.
    [0003] Exemplary Coriolis flow meters are described in US patent 4,109,524, US patent 4,491,025, and Re. 31,450 all of J.E. Smith et al. These flow meters have one or more ducts with a straight or curved configuration. Each conduit configuration on a Coriolis mass flow meter has a set of natural vibration modes, which can be of simple, torsional or coupled bending type. Each duct can be operated to oscillate in a preferred mode.
    [0004] Material flows into the flow meter sensor assembly from a pipeline connected to the inlet side of the sensor, is directed through the conduit (s), and exits the sensor through the outlet side of the sensor. The natural vibration modes of the system filled with vibrating material are defined in part by the combined mass of the ducts and the material flowing within the ducts.
    [0005] When there is no flow through the sensor assembly, a driving force applied to the conduit (s) takes all points along the conduit (s) to oscillate with identical phase or small “zero deviation,” which is a delay of time measured at zero flow. As material begins to flow through the sensor assembly, Coriolis forces cause each point along the duct (s) to have a different phase. For example, the phase at the input end of the sensor delays the phase at the centralized trigger position, while the phase at the output leads the phase at the centralized trigger position. Deviation sensors in the conduit (s) produce sinusoidal signals representative of the movement of the conduit (s). Signal outputs from the deviation sensors are processed to determine the phase difference between the deviation sensors. The phase difference between the two or more deviation sensors is proportional to the rate of mass flow of material flowing through the conduit (s).
    [0006] The mass flow rate of the material can be determined by multiplying the phase difference by a flow calibration factor (FCF). Before installing the flow meter sensor assembly in a pipeline, the FCF is determined by a calibration process. In the calibration process, a fluid is passed through the flow tube at a known flow rate and a relationship between the phase difference and the flow rate is calculated (that is, the FCF). The flow meter subsequently determines a flow rate by multiplying the FCF by the phase difference of the deviation sensors. In addition, other calibration factors can be considered in determining the flow rate.
    [0007] Due, in part, to the high precision of vibratory meters, and Coriolis flow meters in particular, vibratory meters have achieved success in a wide variety of industries. One industry that has faced increasing demands for accuracy and repeatability in measurements is the oil and gas industry. With the rising costs associated with oil and gas, transfer situations for control purposes have demanded improvements in measuring the amount of oil that is actually transferred. An example of a transfer situation for control purposes is transfer in crude oil pipelines, or even lighter hydrocarbon fluids such as propane.
    [0008] A problem faced during measurement in transfer situations for control purposes, and measurement of light hydrocarbons in particular, is degassing or instantaneous distillation (flash) of the liquid. In degassing, the gas is released from the liquid when the liquid pressure inside the pipe, or the vibrating gauge, is less than the saturation pressure of the fluid. Saturation pressure is typically defined as the pressure at which a substance changes phases from a liquid or solid to a gas at a given temperature, that is, the vapor is in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phase. Therefore, the saturation pressure can change depending on whether the fluid is a pure substance or a mixture of two or more substances based on the weighted sum of the mole fraction of the saturation pressures of components according to Raoult's Law. Saturation pressure is sometimes referred to as vapor pressure or bubbling point. In the present description, the pressure at which a substance changes phases from a condensed form (liquid or solid) to a gas to a pure substance or mixture at a given temperature is referred to as the saturation pressure. While maintaining a fluid above saturation pressure may not be problematic in some piping systems, it is particularly problematic as fluid flows through any type of sensor or meter that has a reduced cross-sectional area. Measurements of various flow characteristics are becoming increasingly difficult with fluids at pressures below their saturation pressure. In addition, in some circumstances, the fluid may oscillate around the saturation pressure. For example, the fluid may be above saturation pressure during a point in the day, that is, when it is cold in the morning; however, during the afternoon as the temperature increases, the saturation pressure may be lower and, consequently, the fluid may be flowing through the system at a pressure below the saturation pressure.
    [0009] Consequently, there is a need in the art for a system that can properly keep a fluid flowing through a fluid flow system above the fluid's saturation pressure. The embodiments described below overcome these and other problems and an advance in the technique is achieved. The embodiments described in the description that follow use flow characteristics obtained from the vibrating meter in order to properly adjust the flow so the fluid is kept above the saturation pressure of the fluid while flowing through the vibrating meter. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [0010] A fluid flow system is provided according to an embodiment. The fluid flow system comprises a pipe with a flowing fluid and a first pressure sensor located inside the pipe and determining a first pressure inside the pipe. According to one embodiment, the fluid flow system further comprises a vibrating meter including the sensor assembly located within the pipeline close to and in fluid communication with the first pressure sensor; and a meter electronics in electrical communication with the sensor assembly to receive one or more sensor signals and measure one or more flow characteristics. The fluid flow system also includes a system controller in electrical communication with the first pressure sensor and in electrical communication with the meter electronics. According to one embodiment, the system controller is configured to receive a first pressure measurement from the first pressure sensor and receive one or more flow characteristics from the meter electronics. The system controller is further configured to determine a static fluid pressure based on the fluid pressure within the pipeline and one or more flow characteristics. According to one embodiment, the system controller is further configured to determine whether the fluid contains at least some gas based on the static pressure of the fluid.
    [0011] A meter electronics for a vibrating sensor located inside a pipe with a fluent fluid and in fluid communication with one or more pressure sensors is provided according to an embodiment. The meter electronics is configured to measure one or more flow characteristics of the fluid flowing through the sensor assembly and receive a first pressure signal indicating a static pressure of the fluid in the pipeline. According to one embodiment, the meter electronics is further configured to determine a static fluid pressure based on the first pressure signal and one or more measured flow characteristics and to determine whether the fluid contains at least some gas based on the static fluid pressure.
    [0012] A method for operating a fluid flow system including a fluid flowing through a pipe, a first pressure sensor located inside the pipe, and a vibrating meter including the sensor assembly in fluid communication with the first pressure sensor is provided. according to an embodiment. The method comprises the steps of measuring a fluid pressure inside the pipeline using the first pressure sensor and measuring one or more fluid flow characteristics using the vibrating meter. According to one embodiment, the method further comprises a step of determining the static pressure of the fluid based on the pressure of the fluid within the pipeline and one or more flow characteristics. According to one embodiment, the method further comprises a step of determining whether the fluid contains at least some gas based on the static pressure of the fluid. ASPECTS
    [0013] According to one aspect, a fluid flow system comprises: a pipe with a flowing fluid; a first pressure sensor located inside the pipe and determining a first pressure inside the pipe; a vibrating meter including: the sensor assembly located inside the pipeline close to and in fluid communication with the first pressure sensor; and a meter electronics in electrical communication with the sensor assembly and configured to receive one or more sensor signals and measure one or more flow characteristics; a system controller in electrical communication with the first pressure sensor and in electrical communication with the meter electronics and configured for: receiving the first pressure measurement from the first pressure sensor; receiving one or more flow characteristics of the meter electronics; determining a static fluid pressure based on the fluid pressure within the pipeline and one or more flow characteristics; and determine if the fluid contains at least some gas based on the static pressure of the fluid.
    [0014] Preferably, the system controller is further configured to determine the fluid contains at least some gas if the fluid's static pressure is outside a threshold or range value.
    [0015] Preferably, the system controller is further configured to adjust the fluid flow if the static pressure of the fluid is outside a threshold or range value.
    [0016] Preferably, the adjustment may comprise increasing a pipe line pressure.
    [0017] Preferably, the adjustment may comprise decreasing a fluid flow rate.
    [0018] Preferably, the threshold or band value is based on a saturation pressure of the fluid.
    [0019] Preferably, the system controller is further configured to determine the saturation pressure based on a measured temperature and fluid density.
    [0020] Preferably, the system controller is further configured to determine a trigger gain, compare the trigger gain to a threshold value, and determine whether the static pressure is outside a threshold value or range if the trigger gain exceeds the value threshold.
    [0021] Preferably, the determined static pressure comprises the static pressure of the fluid within the sensor assembly.
    [0022] According to another aspect, the meter electronics for a vibrating sensor located inside a pipe with a fluent fluid and in fluid communication with one or more pressure sensors is configured to: measuring one or more flow characteristics of the fluid flowing through the sensor assembly; receiving a first pressure signal indicating a static pressure of the fluid in the pipeline; determining a static fluid pressure based on the first pressure signal and one or more measured flow characteristics; and determine if the fluid contains at least some gas based on the static pressure of the fluid.
    [0023] Preferably, the meter electronics is further configured to determine the fluid contains at least some gas if the fluid's static pressure is outside a threshold value or range.
    [0024] Preferably, the meter electronics is further configured to adjust the fluid flow if the static fluid pressure is outside a threshold or range value.
    [0025] Preferably, the adjustment comprises increasing the pipe line pressure.
    [0026] Preferably, the adjustment comprises decreasing a fluid flow rate.
    [0027] Preferably, the threshold or band value is based on a saturation pressure of the fluid.
    [0028] Preferably, the meter electronics is further configured to determine the saturation pressure based on a measured temperature and fluid density.
    [0029] Preferably, the meter electronics is further configured to determine a trigger gain, compare the trigger gain to a threshold value, and determine whether the static pressure is outside a threshold value or range if the trigger gain exceeds a value threshold.
    [0030] Preferably, the determined static pressure comprises the static pressure of the fluid within the sensor assembly.
    [0031] According to another aspect, a method of operating a fluid flow system including a fluid flowing through a pipe, a first pressure sensor located within the pipe, and a vibrating gauge including the sensor assembly in fluid communication with the first pressure sensor comprises the steps of: measure a fluid pressure inside the pipeline using the first pressure sensor; measure one or more fluid flow characteristics using the vibrating meter; determine the static pressure of the fluid based on the pressure of the fluid inside the pipeline and one or more flow characteristics; and determine if the fluid contains at least some gas based on the static pressure of the fluid.
    [0032] Preferably, the method further comprises a step of determining the fluid contains at least some gas if the fluid's static pressure is outside a threshold value or range.
    [0033] Preferably, the method further comprises a step of adjusting the fluid flow if the static pressure of the fluid is outside the threshold or range.
    [0034] Preferably, the adjustment comprises increasing a pipe line pressure.
    [0035] Preferably, the adjustment comprises decreasing a fluid flow rate.
    [0036] Preferably, the threshold or band value is based on a saturation pressure of the fluid.
    [0037] Preferably, the method further comprises a step of determining the saturation pressure based on a measured temperature and fluid density.
    [0038] Preferably, the method still comprises the steps of: determining a trigger gain; compare the trigger gain to a threshold value; and determining whether the static pressure is outside a threshold value or range if the trigger gain exceeds the threshold value.
    [0039] Preferably, the step of determining the static pressure comprises determining the static pressure of the fluid within the sensor assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0040] Figure 1 shows a vibrating meter according to an embodiment. Figure 2 shows a meter electronics for a vibrating meter according to an embodiment. Figure 3 shows a fluid flow system according to an embodiment. Figure 4 shows a graph of static pressure versus location of the fluid flow system according to an embodiment. Figure 5 shows a graph of saturation pressure versus density at constant temperature for a typical family of hydrocarbons according to one embodiment. Figure 6 shows a processing routine according to an embodiment. Figure 7 shows a graph of drive gain versus average fraction of gas void according to an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0041] Figures 1 - 7 and the following description describe specific examples to teach those skilled in the art how to make and use the best way of carrying out a flow control system. For the purpose of teaching inventive principles, some conventional aspects have been simplified or omitted. Those skilled in the art will appreciate variations of these examples that fall within the scope of the present description. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the aspects described below can be combined in various ways to form multiple variations of the flow control system. As a result, the embodiments described below are not limited to the specific examples described below, but only by the claims and their equivalents.
    [0042] Figure 1 shows a vibrating meter 5 in the form of a Coriolis flow meter comprising the sensor assembly 10 and the meter electronics 20 according to an embodiment. The sensor set 10 and the meter electronics 20 can be in electrical communication over wires 100. The sensor set 10 receives a fluid fluid in the embodiment shown.
    [0043] In the embodiment shown, the meter electronics 20 is connected to the sensor assembly 10 to measure one or more characteristics of a flowing material, such as, for example, a density, a mass flow rate, a volume flow rate , a totalized mass flow, a temperature, and other information. While meter electronics 20 is shown in communication with a single sensor array 10, it should be appreciated that meter electronics 20 can communicate with multiple sensor assemblies, as well as multiple additional meter electronics. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that while the vibrating meter 5 is described as comprising a Coriolis flow meter, the vibrating meter 5 could just as easily comprise another type of vibrating meter, such as a vibrating densitometer, a vibrating volumetric flow meter, or some other vibrating meter that lacks all of the measurement capabilities of Coriolis flow meters. Therefore, the present embodiment should not be limited to Coriolis flow meters. Instead, meter electronics 20 may be in communication with other types of sensor assemblies, with either a flowing fluid or a stationary fluid.
    [0044] The sensor assembly 10 includes a pair of flanges 101 and 101 ', collectors 102 and 102', and conduits 103A and 103B. Collectors 102, 102 'are affixed to opposite ends of the conduits 103A and 103B. Flanges 101 and 101 'of the Coriolis flow meter are affixed to opposite ends of the spacer 106. The spacer 106 maintains the spacing between manifolds 102, 102 ’to prevent unwanted vibrations in the ducts 103A and 103B. The conduits 103A and 103B extend out of the collectors in an essentially parallel manner. When sensor 10 is inserted into a piping system (not shown) that carries the flowing material, the material enters the sensor assembly 10 through the flange 101, passes through the inlet manifold 102 where the total amount of material is directed to enter in ducts 103A, 103B, it flows through ducts 103A, 103B, and back into outlet manifold 102 'where it exits sensor assembly 10 through flange 101'. As shown, flanges 101 and 101 ', and thus, the tubing coupled to flanges 101, 101' (See Figure 3), comprises a diameter of D | while each of the flow ducts 103A and 103B comprises a reduced diameter of D2. The potential reduction in the cross-sectional flow area is discussed in more detail below.
    [0045] The sensor assembly 10 can include a driver 104. The driver 104 is shown attached to conduits 103A, 103B in a position where the driver 104 can vibrate the conduits 103A, 103B in the drive mode, for example. The actuator 104 may comprise one of many well-known arrangements such as a coil mounted to conduit 103 A and an opposite magnet mounted to conduit 103B. An actuation signal in the form of an alternating current can be provided by the meter electronics 20, such as, for example, via path 110, and passed through the coil to cause both conduits 103A, 103B to oscillate on bending axes WW and W'-W '
    [0046] The sensor assembly 10 also includes a pair of bypass sensors 105, 105 'which are attached to the conduits 103A, 103B. According to an embodiment, bypass sensors 105, 105 'can be electromagnetic detectors, for example, bypass magnets and bypass coils that produce bypass signals that represent the speed and position of the ducts 103A, 103B. For example, offsets 105, 105 ’can provide deviation signals to meter electronics 20 via paths 111, 111’. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the movement of the ducts 103A, 103B is proportional to certain characteristics of the flowing material, for example, the mass flow rate and density of the material flowing through the ducts 103A, 103B.
    [0047] The sensor assembly 10 may additionally include a temperature sensor 107, such as a resistance temperature device (RTD), in order to measure the temperature of the fluid within the conduits 103 A, 103B. The RTD can be in electrical communication with the meter electronics 20 through wire 112.
    [0048] According to an embodiment, the meter electronics 20 receives the deviation signals from the deviations 105, 105 ’. A track 26 can provide an input and an output means that allows one or more meter electronics 20 to interface with an operator. The meter electronics 20 can measure one or more characteristics of the fluid under test such as, for example, a phase difference, a frequency, a time delay (phase difference divided by frequency), a density, a flow rate of mass, a volume flow rate, a totalized mass flow, a temperature, and other information.
    [0049] Figure 2 shows meter electronics 20 outlined in Figure 1 according to an embodiment. The meter electronics 20 can include an interface 201 and a processing system 203. The processing system 203 can include a storage system 204. The storage system 204 can include an internal memory as shown, or alternatively, it can comprise a memory external. The meter electronics 20 can generate a drive signal 211 and supply the drive signal 211 to the driver 104 shown in Figure 1. The meter electronics 20 can also receive signals 210 from the sensor assembly 10, as well as from the bypass sensors. 105, 105 'via wires 111 and 11Γ shown in Figure 1. In some embodiments, sensor signals 210 can be received from driver 104. Meter electronics 20 can operate as a densitometer or can operate as a flow meter. flow, including operating as a Coriolis flow meter. It should be appreciated that meter electronics 20 may also operate as some other type of vibrating meter set and the particular examples provided should not limit the scope of the present embodiment. Meter electronics 20 can process sensor signals 210a in order to obtain one or more material flow characteristics flowing through conduits 103A, 103B.
    [0050] Interface 201 can receive sensor signals 210 from driver 104 or bypass sensors 105, 105 ’over wires 110, 111, 111’. Interface 201 can perform any necessary or desired signal conditioning, such as any way of formatting, amplifying, temporarily storing, etc. Alternatively, some or all of the signal conditioning can be performed on the 203 processing system. In addition, interface 201 can enable communications between meter electronics 20 and external devices. Interface 201 may be capable of any form of electronic, optical, or wireless communication.
    [0051] The interface 201 in one embodiment may include a digitizer (not shown), wherein the sensor signals 210 comprise analogous sensor signals. The digitizer can sample and digitize analog sensor signals and produce digital sensor signals. The digitizer can also perform any required decimal notation, in which the digital sensor signal is decimated in order to reduce the amount of signal processing required and to reduce processing time.
    [0052] The processing system 203 can conduct operations of the meter electronics 20 and process flow measurements from the sensor assembly 10. The processing system 203 can perform the data processing required to implement one or more processing routines, as well as process the measurement measurements. flow to produce one or more flow characteristics.
    [0053] The processing system 203 may comprise a general purpose computer, a microprocessing system, a logic circuit, or some other general purpose or custom processing device. Processing system 203 can be distributed among multiple processing devices. Processing system 203 may include any form of integral or independent electronic storage medium, such as storage system 204.
    [0054] It should be understood that meter electronics 20 can include several other components and functions that are generally known in the art. These additional aspects are omitted from the description and figures for the sake of brevity. Therefore, the present embodiment should not be limited to the specific embodiments shown and discussed.
    [0055] Figure 3 shows a fluid flow system 300 according to an embodiment. The fluid flow system 300 comprises a pipeline 301 including a fluid inlet 301A and a fluid outlet 301B. The tubing includes a flange junction 301 'where the fluid inlet 301A can be coupled to the rest of the tubing 301. For example, in a transfer application for control purposes, the fluid inlet 301A can be part of the vendor system while the remaining components downstream of the flange junction 301 'comprise a portion of the buyer's system.
    [0056] As shown, the vibrating meter 5 can be located inside the pipeline 301 and comprise a portion of the fluid flow system 300. According to one embodiment, the pipeline 301 further includes a first fluid control valve 302, a first pressure sensor 303, a second pressure sensor 304, and a second fluid control valve 305, which are all in electrical communication with meter electronics 20 via wires 306, 307, 308, and 309. As also shown in Figure 3 is a system controller 310, which is in electrical communication with meter electronics 20 via wire 311. Furthermore, as shown, piping 301 carries the aforementioned components in fluid communication with each other.
    [0057] It should be appreciated that while the first and second valves 302, 305 and the first and second pressure sensors 303, 304 are shown in direct electrical communication with meter electronics 20, in other embodiments, these components may be in direct electrical communication with system controller 310. Therefore, the present embodiment should not be limited to the precise configuration shown in the figures. The system controller 310, therefore, may comprise a centralized processing system, a general purpose computer, or some other type of general or custom processing device that can process signals received from both pressure sensors 303, 304 as well as signals of a meter electronics 20 of the vibrating meter 5. Therefore, the system controller 310 may not comprise a portion of the vibrating meter 5, but instead be configured to process signals from the vibrating meter 5. The system controller 310 can also be in electrical communication with the user interface (not shown). This may allow a user to configure the 310 system controller according to the user's preference or requirements.
    [0058] According to one embodiment, the fluid flow system 300 can be controlled such that the fluid flowing through the fluid flow system 300 remains at a pressure above the fluid saturation pressure. As can be appreciated, the fluid within the fluid flow system 300 may comprise a pure substance or a mixture of two or more substances. Therefore, the saturation pressure of the fluid can vary based on the particular substance (s) flowing through the system 300. As can be appreciated, escaping gas from the liquid may not create problems within the 301 pipeline; however, gas can create measurement problems when in the sensor set 10 of the vibrating meter 5 as well as other components of the fluid flow system 300. In addition, the fluid is more likely to fall below the saturation pressure while inside the sensor set 10 than in other parts of piping 301. One reason for this is because the total cross-sectional area of flow ducts 103A and 103B of the sensor assembly 10 is typically smaller than the cross-sectional area of piping, as mentioned above with the pipe diameter of D1 and a flow conduit diameter of D2, which is less than D1. The difference in cross-sectional area is typically even greater in single flow duct sensor assemblies compared to double flow duct sensor assemblies as shown in figure 1 where the flow rate is divided between two ducts 103A, 103B. The reason for this is that single flow duct sensors typically require a greater Coriolis force to generate a measurable time delay between deviations. The Coriolis force produced by a mass moving through a rotational reference frame is proportional to its speed. A common method for increasing Coriolis strength is to increase the flow rate of the fluid by reducing the cross-sectional area.
    [0059] In order to understand how to keep the fluid pressure above the saturation pressure, it is important to understand what factors can affect the fluid pressure as it flows through the 300 system. As is generally known, within a given control volume, mass is conserved. Assuming an incompressible liquid, the rate at which mass enters a control volume equals the rate at which it exits. This principle can be illustrated using equation (1) and Figure 3. Moving from point 331 to point 333 within the fluid flow system 300, the mass is conserved at each point. However, there is a reduction in the flow area of the cross section as the fluid moves from point 331 to point 332 as the diameter of the flow area reduces from a total flow area defined by diameter D1 of pipe 301 to an area of total flow defined by the flow ducts 103A and 103B of the sensor assembly 10 each having a diameter D2 or a flow duct of a simple flow duct sensor assembly having a diameter D2. A reduction in the flow area of the cross section requires the fluid speed to increase in order to maintain the same mass flow rate as illustrated by equation (1). m331 = P331v331A331 = P332 V332A332 = n332 (1) on what: □ is the mass flow rate; p is the density of fluid; v is the average fluid velocity; and A is the total cross-sectional area.
    [0060] As can be seen, assuming that the fluid density remains constant, which is a valid assumption for many fluids, the fluid velocity increases within the sensor assembly 10 to maintain the same mass flow rate as the cross-sectional area is reduced from point to point. 331 to point 332.
    [0061] Additionally known from the Bernoulli equation is that the total pressure within a system is equal to the sum of the dynamic pressure, the hydrostatic pressure, and the static pressure. Static pressure is the thermodynamic pressure at a point within a fluid and dynamic pressure is the additional pressure due to the flow velocity. Hydrostatic pressure is additional pressure due to a change in elevation above a reference plane. Ptotal = Pestatic + Pdinamic + Phytostatic (2) on what:
    [0062] Therefore, if the fluid within a system is assumed to comprise an incompressible, inviscible, non-rotational flow, the Bernoulli equation gives equation (5).
    [0063] If the pressure change caused by height (hydrostatic pressure) is neglected for the fluid flow system 300, which is a reasonable assumption for most systems, then equation (5) can be rewritten in terms of points 331 and 332 as follows:
    [0064] With reference to the fluid flow system 300, as the fluid moves from point 331 outside the sensor set 10 to point 332 inside the sensor set 10, there is a change in speed to conserve the mass flow rate. Therefore, maintaining the relationship shown in equation (6), the dynamic pressure
    [0065] With the mass flow rate and density being easily determined by the vibrating meter 5 and the pressure sensor 303 determining the static pressure at point 331, the static pressure at point 332 within the sensor assembly 10 can be easily calculated due to the cross-sectional areas of pipe 301 as well as flow ducts 103A, 103B are either known or can be measured. Therefore, using the Bernoulli equation, the static pressure within the sensor assembly 10 can be determined without requiring a pressure sensor within the flow conduits 103A, 103B by rearranging equation (6). In the presently described embodiment, the flow area of the cross section is defined by both flow ducts 103A, 103B each having a diameter D2; however, in a simple flow conduit sensor assembly, the flow area of the cross section would be defined by a simple flow conduit having a diameter D2. For a dual flow duct sensor assembly, it is the combined cross-sectional area of both flow ducts that is of interest to determine the speed, as the speed through each flow duct must be approximately equal. Therefore, the pressure within each flow conduit 103A, 103B should be approximately equal. However, when determining the mass flow rate through the system, meter electronics 20 will combine the mass flow through both ducts of a dual flow duct sensor assembly as is generally known in the art.
    [0066] The above discussion refers to an ideal situation where there is no irrecoverable pressure loss due to fluid viscosity, that is, frictional losses. As is generally known, this is an unrealistic and inappropriate characterization in some situations. Instead, like fluid flows through the fluid flow system 300, the fluid dissipates energy and the pressure drops across a given pipe length. This pressure loss is considered irrecoverable because it is consumed through frictional losses. The pressure drop due to viscous losses through a pipe can be characterized by Darcy-Weisbach as:
    [0067] The friction factor can be determined experimentally or obtained from a look-up table, graph, etc. For example, many sensor assemblies are provided with a friction factor from the manufacturer so users can determine the unrecoverable energy loss of the fluid through the sensor assembly.
    [0068] Adding equation (7) to equation (6) to make up the loss of viscous pressures gives equation (8).
    [0069] With viscous losses represented, the static pressure drops even more as the cross-sectional area of the pipe decreases in order to conserve mass flow. If the loss of viscous pressure is plotted and the pressure is measured at points 331 and 333, for example, where the transverse areas are substantially the same, the pressure loss measured due to viscous effects is assumed to be linear across the sensor assembly 10 This is illustrated in Figure 4 by line 401.
    [0070] Figure 4 shows a graph of static pressure against fluid flow system location. As can be seen, the pressure at point 331 can be measured by the first pressure sensor 303 and sent to meter electronics 20 as a first pressure signal 213. In the embodiment shown, the first pressure is approximately 6.9 bar ( 100 psi). The pressure at point 333 can be measured by the second pressure sensor 304 and sent to the meter electronics 20 as a second pressure signal 214. In the embodiment shown, the second pressure is approximately 5.9 bar (85 psi). Therefore, according to two pressure measurements typically taken in prior art systems, the user or operator would assume that the pressure only dropped by approximately 1 bar (15 psi) and thus remained well above the saturation pressure, which is around of 4 bar (60 psi) in the present example. However, measuring the pressure before and after the sensor set 10 without considering the static pressure drop occurring within the sensor set 10 provides an inadequate characterization of the system 300 as a whole.
    [0071] As explained above, in many situations, the cross-sectional area of flow ducts 103A, 103B are smaller than the cross-sectional area of piping 301. Consequently, the lowest static pressure within the fluid flow system 300 is typically experienced within the sensor assembly 10 Line 402 in Figure 4 represents an exemplary pressure profile of the static fluid pressure as it flows between points 331 and 332, that is, as the fluid flows through the sensor assembly 10. As can be expected, there is a general downward trend in static pressure due to viscous losses. However, because the velocity increases dramatically as the fluid flows through the sensor assembly 10, the static pressure drops rapidly as the fluid velocity, and thus dynamic pressure, within the conduits 103A, 103B increases. As can be appreciated, the lowest static pressure is seen at the end of the sensor set 10 just before leaving the sensor set 10. Before leaving the sensor set 10, the static fluid pressure dropped below the saturation pressure of the fluid. Consequently, the fluid can begin to change phases as gas escapes from the liquid.
    [0072] According to an embodiment, the fluid flow through the fluid flow system 300 can be adjusted to ensure that the fluid remains above the fluid's saturation pressure. This control can be achieved in at least two ways. The first way is to decrease the fluid velocity in order to decrease the dynamic pressure in location 332, which would be in effect, increase the static pressure in location 332. Another way is to increase the piping pressure. This effectively raises both line 401 and line 402 in Figure 4 so that no portion of line 402 falls below the saturation pressure indicated by line 403. The fluid velocity and liquid pressure within the pipeline can be controlled by adjusting a pump ( not shown) or by adjusting the first and second fluid control valves 302, 305 located upstream and downstream, respectively of the sensor assembly 10. For example, if the first fluid control valve 302 located upstream of the sensor assembly 10 is partially closed (restricted flow), the flow speed will decrease. If instead, the first fluid control valve 302 is opened further and / or the second fluid control valve 305 is partially closed to restrict flow, the pressure line increases. The fluid flow system 300 can be controlled via meter electronics 20 or system controller 310, for example. Alternatively, the first and second control valves 302, 305 can be controlled manually by a user or operator.
    [0073] Because most vibrating gauges do not include pressure sensors within the meter ducts, the presently described embodiments provide an alternative method for determining static pressure within the ducting ducts using flow characteristics that can be measured by the vibrating meter 5 together with pressure measurements taken upstream and / or upstream of the vibratory meter 5. As discussed above, several vibratory meters, and Coriolis flow meters in particular, are capable of measuring a wide variety of flow characteristics such as, for example , the mass flow rate, the volume flow rate, a fluid density, a total mass flow rate, and a temperature. One or more of these measured flow characteristics can be used to determine the static pressure within the sensor assembly 10.
    [0074] According to one embodiment, the saturation pressure of the fluid within the sensor assembly 10 can also be determined based on a known, or previously determined, relationship between saturation pressure and one or more flow characteristics. For example, if the fluid flow system 300 is used in a hydrocarbon measurement application, it has been found that there is an approximate relationship between a density of the hydrocarbon fluid and its saturation pressure at a given temperature. This can be seen in Figure 5, for example.
    [0075] Figure 5 shows a graph of saturation pressure against density by an example family of hydrocarbons and two different temperatures. As can be seen, for both 0 ° C and 50 ° C, an approximately linear relationship exists between density and saturation pressure. Therefore, if the vibrating meter 5 determines the density and temperature of the fluid flowing through the sensor assembly 10, the saturation pressure of the fluid can be determined. The use of a graph or look-up table as shown in Figure 5 allows for a substantially real-time determination of the saturation pressure of the fluid. It should be appreciated that other methods, such as obtaining saturation pressures from stored values, could be used. However, when transferring for the purpose of control applications, the precise purity of the mixture varies by location and therefore, it may not be practical or necessary to use an assumed saturation pressure. In contrast, by measuring density and temperature, the saturation pressure can be interpolated using a graph similar to the graph shown in Figure 5.
    [0076] Figure 6 shows a processing routine 600 that can be used to determine a static fluid pressure within the sensor assembly 10. The processing routine 600 can be stored in meter electronics 20, for example. Alternatively, processing routine 600 can be stored inside and conducted by system controller 310. According to one embodiment, processing routine 600 starts at step 601 where a static fluid pressure in pipeline 301 is measured. The pressure in the pipeline 301 can be measured using the first pressure sensor 303 and / or the second pressure sensor 304. The measured pressure can be supplied to the meter electronics 20 as the first or second pressure signal 213, 214. , the measured pressure can be supplied directly to the system controller 310. While the pressure can be measured at any point in the pipeline 301, in a preferred embodiment, the pressure sensors 303 and / or 304 are located next to the sensor assembly 10 so that a pressure drop between the two pressure sensors 303, 304 can be attributed to the sensor assembly 10 and not another component of the fluid flow system 300.
    [0077] In step 602, the vibrating meter 5 can measure one or more flow characteristics based on sensor signals 210 received from the sensor assembly 10. According to an embodiment, the measured flow characteristic can comprise a measured mass flow rate . According to another embodiment, the measured flow characteristic may comprise a measured volumetric flow rate. The measured flow characteristics may further comprise a measured density. The measured flow characteristics may further comprise a measured temperature.
    [0078] In step 603, meter electronics 20 or system controller 310 can determine the static pressure within the sensor assembly 10. According to one embodiment, the static pressure within the sensor assembly 10 can be determined based on the pipe pressure measured together with one or more flow characteristics. As explained above, the dimensions (transverse area and length) of the sensor assembly 10 and the friction factor are known or can be easily measured. Therefore, using one or more flow characteristics, the loss of viscous pressure can be determined. In addition, if the fluid velocity is determined for both, point 331 where the pressure sensor 303 is located as well as the fluid velocity at point 332 or any other point within the sensor assembly 10, the static pressure at that point can be determined rearranging equations (7) and (8) for static pressure. According to one embodiment, the determined static pressure comprises the static pressure just before leaving the sensor assembly 10. Determining the static pressure at that point will generally be the lowest static pressure due to the loss of viscous pressure. However, the static pressure at other points in the sensor assembly can be determined simply by adjusting the length, L, of equations (7) and (8).
    [0079] Processing routine 600 can determine whether the fluid contains at least some gas based on the static pressure within the sensor set 10. For example, in step 604, the static pressure can be compared to a threshold value or band (range of values) . The threshold valve can be based on a certain saturation pressure of the fluid, for example. Alternatively, the threshold value can be based on a user input value. The input value of the user may not understand the saturation pressure of the fluid, but instead, it may comprise a value that is assumed to be above the saturation pressure such that if the static pressure is above the threshold value, it will also be above the saturation pressure. The threshold or band value can be above a saturation pressure determined by a predetermined amount. This can allow for some variation in the static pressure without temporarily falling below the saturation pressure. According to one embodiment, the saturation pressure can be determined based on a measured density and temperature, for example. According to another embodiment, the saturation pressure can be determined based on a previously stored value.
    [0080] According to one embodiment, if the static pressure is within the threshold value or range of values, the process can proceed to step 605 where no further action can be required. For example, if the threshold value is based on the given saturation pressure and the static pressure is above the saturation pressure, no further action can be required.
    [0081] However, according to one embodiment, if the static pressure is outside a threshold or range value, the process can proceed to step 606 where system controller 310 or meter electronics 20 can perform one or more actions. For example, if the static pressure is below the saturation pressure, system controller 310 or meter electronics 20 can perform one or more actions. According to one embodiment, an action taken if the static pressure is outside a threshold or range can be to determine that the fluid contains at least some gas. As discussed above, if the static pressure is below the saturation pressure, for example, the fluid will begin to distill instantly or gas elimination will occur, resulting in at least some gas being present in the fluid.
    [0082] According to one embodiment, another action that can be taken could be for the system controller 310 to adjust one or more of the first or second valves 302, 305 in order to lower the fluid speed or to increase the line pressure. Alternatively, a warning can be issued alerting a user or operator that fluid may be degassing or instant distillation. Those skilled in the art will readily recognize alternative procedures that can be followed if processing routine 600 determines that the measured static pressure within the sensor assembly 10 has dropped below the fluid saturation pressure.
    [0083] According to another embodiment, meter electronics 20 or system controller 310 can confirm that the fluid is below saturation pressure based on a drive gain from the vibrating meter 5. The drive gain can be defined as the bypass coil voltage divided by the drive coil voltage. As is known in the art of US Patent 6,564,619, for example, trigger gain from a Coriolis flow meter can be used to detect the presence of gas.
    [0084] Although the above discussion determines the static pressure of the fluid within the sensor assembly 10, it should be appreciated that the static pressure of the fluid can be determined at other locations within the fluid flow system 300 using the above method as long as the flow area the cross section of the locality of interest is known. Determining the static pressure of the fluid in other locations of the fluid flow system 300 assumes that the flow characteristics determined by the sensor assembly 10 are the same as in the location of interest.
    [0085] Figure 7 shows a graph of drive gain against empty fraction for an exemplary vibrating meter. As shown, the drive gain quickly increases to around 100% before reaching an empty fraction of 1%. Therefore, meter electronics 20, system controller 310, or both, can compare the measured drive gain with a threshold drive gain level. If, for example, the measured drive gain exceeds the threshold drive gain level, the fluid flow may be below the saturation pressure or some other error has occurred resulting in entrained gas. If entrained gas is detected, the fluid flow can be adjusted to decrease the flow rate or increase the line pressure in order to increase the static pressure within the sensor assembly 10 above the saturation pressure. Therefore, monitoring the drive gain to determine gas in the fluid can be used as confirmation that the fluid has remained below the saturation pressure.
    [0086] The embodiments described above provide a system and method for determining the presence of gas within a vibrating meter 5 based on a static pressure determined within the sensor assembly 10 of the vibrating meter 5. Unequal prior art systems that only measure the pressure of the fluid within the pipeline, the embodiments described above use one or more flow characteristics together with a measured pressure of the fluid within the pipeline 301 to determine a static fluid pressure within the sensor assembly 10. Therefore, more accurate and improved measurement can be obtained. Based on the static pressure determined within the sensor assembly, a determination can be made as to whether the fluid contains at least some gas. For example, the determination can be made that the fluid contains at least some gas if the static pressure is outside a threshold or range value. If it is determined that the fluid does contain at least some gas, further action can be taken.
    [0087] The detailed descriptions of the above embodiments are not exhaustive descriptions of all embodiments contemplated by the inventors as being within the scope of the present description. In fact, those skilled in the art will recognize that certain elements of the above described embodiments can varyably be combined or eliminated to create other embodiments, and such other embodiments fall within the scope and teachings of the present description. It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above described embodiments can be combined in whole or in part to create additional embodiments within the scope and teachings of the present description.
    [0088] Thus, while specific embodiments of, and examples for, the flow control system are described here for illustrative purposes, several equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the present description, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. The teachings presented here can be applied to another fluid flow system, and not just to the embodiments described above and shown in the attached figures. Consequently, the scope of the embodiments must be determined from the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [0001]
    Fluid flow system (300) comprising: a pipe (301) with a flowing fluid; a first pressure sensor (303) located inside the pipe (301) and determining a first pressure inside the pipe (301); a vibrating meter (5) including: a sensor assembly (10) located inside the pipeline (301) close to and in fluid communication with the first pressure sensor (303); and a meter electronics (20) in electrical communication with the sensor assembly (10) and configured to receive one or more sensor signals (210) and measure one or more flow characteristics; characterized by the fact that it still understands a system controller (310) in electrical communication with the first pressure sensor (303) and in electrical communication with the meter electronics (20) and configured for: receiving the first pressure measurement from the first pressure sensor (303); receiving one or more flow characteristics from the meter electronics (20); determining a static fluid pressure based on the fluid pressure within the sensor assembly (10) and one or more flow characteristics; and determine if the fluid contains at least some gas if the fluid's static pressure is outside a threshold value or range based on a fluid saturation pressure; and adjust the fluid flow if the static pressure of the fluid is outside the threshold or range value, where the adjustment comprises decreasing a fluid flow rate.
    [0002]
    Fluid flow system (300) according to claim 1, characterized in that the system controller (310) is further configured to determine the saturation pressure based on a measured fluid temperature and density.
    [0003]
    Fluid flow system (300) according to claim 1, characterized in that the system controller (310) is further configured to determine a drive gain, compare the drive gain to a threshold value, and determine if the static pressure is outside a threshold value or range if the trigger gain exceeds the threshold value.
    [0004]
    Meter electronics (20) for a vibrating sensor (10) located inside a pipe (301) with a fluent fluid and in fluid communication with one or more pressure sensors (303, 304), the meter electronics (20) configured for: determine if the fluid contains at least some gas based on whether the static pressure of the fluid is outside a threshold or range value; and characterized by the fact that it is still configured for adjust the fluid flow and the static pressure of the fluid is outside the threshold value or range, where the fluid flow adjustment is by at least one of the pipe line pressure increases or decreases a flow rate of fluid.
    [0005]
    Meter electronics (20) according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that the threshold or range value is based on the saturation pressure of the fluid.
    [0006]
    Meter electronics (20) according to claim 5, characterized in that it is further configured to determine the saturation pressure based on a measured temperature and density of the fluid.
    [0007]
    Meter electronics (20) according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that it is still configured to determine a trigger gain, compare the trigger gain to a threshold value, and determine whether the static pressure is outside a value of threshold or range if the trigger gain exceeds a threshold value.
    [0008]
    Method for operating a fluid flow system including a fluid flowing through a pipe, a first pressure sensor located within the pipe, and a vibrating meter including a sensor assembly in fluid communication with the first pressure sensor, the method comprising the steps of: measure a fluid pressure inside the pipeline using the first pressure sensor; measure one or more fluid flow characteristics using the vibrating meter; characterized by the fact that it still understands determining a static fluid pressure based on the fluid pressure within the pipeline and one or more flow characteristics; and determine if the fluid contains at least some gas if the static pressure of the fluid is outside a threshold or band value; and adjust fluid flow if static fluid pressure is outside the threshold or band value by decreasing a fluid flow rate based on a fluid saturation pressure.
    [0009]
    Method according to claim 8, characterized in that it still comprises a step of determining the saturation pressure based on a measured temperature and density of the fluid.
    [0010]
    Method according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that it still comprises the steps of: determine a trigger gain; compare the trigger gain to a threshold value; and Determine whether the static pressure of the fluid within the sensor assembly is outside a threshold value or range if the drive gain exceeds the threshold value.
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    法律状态:
    2020-08-25| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-09-01| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-02-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 08/06/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/US2011/039611|WO2012170020A1|2011-06-08|2011-06-08|Method and apparatus for determining and controlling a static fluid pressure through a vibrating meter|
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